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Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't
arXiv cs.LG — Machine Learning
Factual evidence
What the source reports
Research identifies limitations of cosine similarity in learned representations, particularly in handling radial variation and anisotropy.
OneBench interpretation
Institutional assessment
So what
This research provides critical technical detail for model validation teams assessing the robustness and limitations of embedding-based AI systems deployed across the bank.
Do what
Your model validation and engineering teams should be aware that cosine similarity, a ubiquitous technique, has specific failure modes that require deeper analysis for high-stakes applications.